Differential Output Shafts - Time to give up?

chrisyork

Active Member
I'm on record as being a fan of the Rover Diff, stating that the diff itself is pretty bomb proof and that all it needs is stronger output shaft material.

That's drawn in part from knowing that the better material approach works for the long input shaft in the extension case. And from never having heard of a diff carrier and sun wheels etc being in distress.

That view has never been seriously challenged because no one has tackled making the output shafts in better material. That's for good reason. The shape as seen in the photo - nicked from Clive Osborn - is such that you either need a very large initial billet and a lot of machining, or you need a friction weld between output flange and shaft. Expensive.................

Now Fraser Stark - looking at a 300 bhp plus engine installation - has actually taken an output shaft to a machine shop. The crit of the machine shop is a bit devastating.............

"They said there aren't enough splines to share the load sufficiently creating pressure points on the shaft, the step up on the splines is a weak point and they're not wide enough overall. They recommended more splines, no step up and wider outputs shafts."

Oh dear.

That means you would need to have the female portions of the splines on the diff carriers modified too.............. And you'd probably need new bearing housings to bolt on the side of the diff.............

In gloom, I looked back at the diff's history. Essentially it's a standard 50's Rover diff modified to sit in an IRS casing and to accept cornering loads into the diff casing. Design signed off in around 1958 to suit a 90 bhp four cylinder......... The only subsequent changes are the ribbed casing for better cooling and an extra pair of sun wheels......... Which could be seen as bodges to avoid a total redesign for P6B. Hmmm

Especially when you consider that the people with a motive to do something are people with big engines, it looks like what is needed is a full set of new LSD internals including input shaft and output shafts and probably output shaft bearing housings. Only the main and extension shaft housings carried over.

There's no debate that that is going to be seriously expensive..................

So what to do.............??????

Most people are going to be happy simply with a supply availability of output shafts to replace broken ones............ Supply of secondhand diffs is still good enough, just about, to avoid doing that for a while................

Those wanting serious use of serious performance cars therefore have a problem. I still, despite much searching, have only identified one diff - the Jag - that is capable of using inboard brakes and accepting the side forces generated by cornering. Any other solution demands a wholesale rear suspension change. That would be a pity, as it would lose one of the most characterful aspects of the car - and one that is shown to be outstanding at putting the power onto the tarmac. To this day, there's nothing to touch the P6 de Dion in that respect.

I'm only aware of three well described Jag diff transplants. Simon Owen's, the 5000TC in the USA and now Quattro's (modelled on the 5000TC installation?). I'm waiting with baited breath for news of some in service experience of Quattro's......................

Does anyone else have any ideas for alternative diffs or of other ways of installing the Jag diff................?????

Or is a design commission to Quaiffe called for.................??????

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If the innards of the diff are 50s Rover, is there any compatibility with Land Rover parts? There’s plenty of upgrade options for Land Rover diffs. Series 1 Land Rovers used a Rover diff, and Land Rover soldiered on developing the same basic design for years. Maybe a different spline pattern on the sun gears?
 
Hasn't the Quaiffe option been discussed on this forum before with costings? I don't even recall whether that included driveshafts or whether it just gave us an LSD.
 
I have an output of shaft away for evaluation, I need to chase an outcome next week.
Trying to get people interested is hard work.
I have given my diff full bore 4.6 litre acceleration and track time without breaking anything, I am very mechanically sympathetic toward the drivetrain, if you want to do burnouts and donuts then an upgrade will be needed.
 
Shame.

How about something like this instead? The AC cobra diff is the same basic design as the Jag, but with different mounting points. This seems to be a hybrid of the two, maybe the 4 fixings around the input shaft could be used to mount a frame that mimics the Rover’s extended pinion housing.

Not a cheap option though, you could buy a complete decent Rover for the price!
 
Quaife also make new castings of the Sierra / Granada LSD unit which is nice and compact and lighter. Trouble is I don't think the tall ratio we need for a V8 car is available.

Quaife will look at making beefy input and output shafts from a better material, but the minimum order is 30 units.

I already have a price from one supplier of around 500 quid per shaft - no min qty.
When I have another price I am waiting on I will report back.

There is a way to mount Salisbury unit without lengthy ladder bars going forward, that has been used on the Rover racer in the UK.

I have steered away from a Salisbury unit because of originality concerns around the registration / MOT debacle, now that the rules on that have been decided I may look into a Jag rear. That is when I have finished frying other more important fish.
 
When you say tall, how tall? Cos the V8 only needs the really tall gear if you have no overdrive gear i.e. standard boxes. Otherwise the 3.4/3.5 to 1 is fine.
 
Well, if you are happy with a 3.6 or 3.9 then sierra units are common in that ratio, can have LSD and I think are strong enough.

With my 4.6 I bought myself a 2200 diff, which is 3.54 ? but never fitted it as after running around with an LT77 and the 3.07 V8 diff I find it is a very nice combo. It is quick away from the lights and has the legs for motorway cruising. I did work out the gearing with the 3.54 and thought it would be a bit busy on the motorway.
Despite having open sidepipes and all the other mods my car is still not uncivilised and conversations at speed are fine, I would not want to make a 'screamer' by lowering the rear gears.

Edit
Of course the Sierra unit is probably not designed to take side loadings, so a fixed length De Dion tube would need to be considered with CV joints on the half shafts to accommodate length variation.

Minefield, what minefield !!
 
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If it was the 0.793 5th (early type) then you'd be doing 2560 ish rpm at 70. A bit high, you are right. But not terrible.

I need to get the ratio down a bit with the ZF. I'm wondering how much smaller tyres a road car can get away with and not look silly.
 
Edit
Of course the Sierra unit is probably not designed to take side loadings, so a fixed length De Dion tube would need to be considered with CV joints on the half shafts to accommodate length variation.

Minefield, what minefield !!

if your going to do that look at a bmw diff, strong and plenty of ratios available.
 
I think mounting a Jag diff really doesn’t have to be fussy, depending on the base unit you begin with..my Jag install/whole project is spanning years for many reasons, but it’s a straightforward swap in many ways. It’s heavy though!
I picked up a 3.54 LSD version a few months ago so I have a spare 3.54 open Jag diff for sale if anybody is interested.

Anyway how about the Ford 8.8 irs?
Light alloy casing, takes loads of torque/bhp. It’s been in most of the modern mustangs and many powerful Ford 4x4s. It does of course use CV axles in all those applications
Looks easy to mount
8DC1D5FB-B013-410E-83D1-DD2E318DE737.jpeg
4E13265D-30CB-467C-A383-3BBFC9990DA8.jpeg
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When someone runs one of those short nose diffs at 130 + miles per hour without any propshaft vibration issues then I will become interested ;)
 
You certainly have a point there Tom!
I might have got a bit carried away, especially as the purpose of this was to simplify an upgrade if possible..
Out of interest I've just had a quick look for less talked about units (with inboard brakes!)
The Hummer H1 looks interesting, has torsen style centre and is no doubt tough.
The other is rather more exotic, just for fun and is whatever unit is used in the McLaren m23..unless you know someone breaking one lol
"The M23 was unusual in having fixed length driveshafts. The minute variation in length ordinarily taken up by a sliding spline (which can be subject to binding and hence affect handling) was not addressed in the shaft, but within the upright. The outer quarter shaft ran in Torrington bearings that allowed them to work in and out as the suspension experienced its travel.
Cornering loads were thus fed through the driveshafts to the sideplates of the differential housing, reducing loadings on the suspension joints.”

Hummer H1
11155_1996-h1_front_pml_cover_3_lg.jpg11155_2000-h1_differential_lg.jpg

McLaren M23, oooh
q7iti6xknkp01.jpg
 
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There is another Salisbury diff that has inboard brakes that has the V8 ratio that is available, but I am keeping that on the back burner.
I made a call last night regarding the situation of my sample shaft and gear I sent away. The race shop forgot to send it to their shaft makers with the last batch of their own shafts. I am hoping they will now send it off so I can at least get a comparable quote.

I am prepared to try a shaft with a sloped spline, up to a thicker middle diameter, made of a better material. I cant get hung up on number of splines and spline diameter, we cannot re engineer the whole diff.
I am determined to stay Rover with the extension housing as I have had a hard enough time dealing with shaft vibrations as it is without adding more length to the propshaft.

If we cannot crack this particular nut soon the problem will be academic, as we will all be worrying how to couple up electric motors, and where to put the batteries o_O
 
Quoting PeterZRH
If it was the 0.793 5th (early type) then you'd be doing 2560 ish rpm at 70. A bit high, you are right. But not terrible.

Today I ran at 70mph in 5th and the tach said 2100 rpm.

Interestingly I compared my 6 sp A4 at 70mph in 6th and it too was spinning at 2100 rpm.
 
yep that's the difference between the 3.08 and 3.54. With my ZF lockup 4th is 2060 at 70mph. Problem is, I ain't got 4.6 litres.
 
I am determined to stay Rover with the extension housing as I have had a hard enough time dealing with shaft vibrations as it is without adding more length to the propshaft.
Why not fabricate an extended housing as part of the new diff installation?
All you would need is a bearing at the right position that is tied into the cradle/frame the diff sits in and a stub shaft that picks up on the new diff's flange and has a Rover flange in the correct position.
 
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